Scalable ETL & Analytics Platform: Architecture, Stack & Delivery
Engineered ETL and analytics on StarRocks, Apache Spark, and MinIO for large-scale processing. Built with StarRocks, Apache Spark, MinIO, Python.
By Yogendra Raghuvanshi
Introduction
In this article I break down how I designed and delivered Scalable ETL & Analytics Platform — from the original business pain point through architecture, technology choices, implementation phases, and lessons learned. This is the same project featured in my portfolio's Built Solutions section, documented here in full technical depth for engineers, architects, and hiring managers who want to understand how the work was actually done.
I led this initiative as part of my broader program delivery work across enterprise AI, data platforms, and analytics transformation. The approach reflects how I operate: start with the business outcome, choose the minimum viable architecture, instrument everything, and iterate with real users.
Business problem
High-volume datasets exceeded legacy pipeline throughput.
Engineered ETL and analytics on StarRocks, Apache Spark, and MinIO for large-scale processing.
Architecture decisions
Key design choices that shaped reliability, performance, and maintainability of the solution.
- Medallion pattern: raw MinIO, curated Spark, gold StarRocks
- Spark handles heavy transforms; StarRocks optimized for interactive SQL
- Cost tracking per pipeline run for FinOps reviews
Technology stack in depth
This project was built with StarRocks, Apache Spark, MinIO, Python. Each technology was selected for a specific role in the architecture — not because it was trendy, but because it solved a measured bottleneck.
- StarRocks: production component with documented integration patterns and operational runbooks
- Apache Spark: production component with documented integration patterns and operational runbooks
- MinIO: production component with documented integration patterns and operational runbooks
- Python: production component with documented integration patterns and operational runbooks
Implementation timeline
Delivery followed phased milestones with explicit deliverables at each gate. This kept stakeholders aligned and made progress auditable for program reviews.
- Landing zone (2 weeks): MinIO buckets, partitioning strategy, and ingestion contracts.
- → Bucket layout
- → Partition keys
- → Ingestion SLAs
- Spark transformation (3 weeks): Curated jobs with data quality checks and idempotent writes.
- → Spark jobs
- → DQ gates
- → Job scheduling
- StarRocks serving (3 weeks): Load patterns, MVs, and BI connectivity for analysts.
- → Load pipelines
- → Materialized views
- → Access roles
Medallion architecture on object storage
Raw data lands in MinIO with date-partitioned prefixes and ingestion SLAs. Spark jobs transform raw into curated Parquet with data quality gates at each stage. StarRocks loads gold tables optimized for interactive analyst queries and BI dashboards.
Separating heavy transforms (Spark) from serving (StarRocks) keeps cost predictable: batch compute scales horizontally while the warehouse stays right-sized for query concurrency.
- Bronze: MinIO raw buckets with Avro/Parquet and partition keys by event_date
- Silver: Spark curated jobs with DQ checks (null rates, referential integrity)
- Gold: StarRocks tables with materialized views for common aggregations
- FinOps: per-pipeline cost tracking for executive reviews
StarRocks tuning decisions
Load patterns use broker load from MinIO for bulk ingest and routine upserts for slowly changing dimensions. Materialized views pre-aggregate finance and operations metrics that analysts query dozens of times daily.
- Duplicate key vs aggregate key table selection per access pattern
- Colocate join groups for high-cardinality fact-dimension queries
- Role-based access: analysts read gold only; engineers access silver for debugging
Business outcomes
Supported TB-scale workloads with improved query performance.
Success was measured against adoption, latency/throughput targets, and stakeholder feedback — not just deployment dates. Program reviews tracked these KPIs alongside technical milestones.
Lessons learned
Benchmark before commit-object storage plus columnar stores need workload-specific tuning.
If I were starting again, I would invest even earlier in observability and golden test sets. The cost of retrofitting guardrails after pilot launch always exceeds building them in from day one.